NOV 2024 NEW GRANT: Neural circuit control of threat in Lymnaea (Leverhulme Trust)

Using a powerful molluscan model system, we will unpick the circuits controlling threat linked decision-making. Our approach will exploit AI-based behavioural tracking, voltage-sensitive dye imaging and targeted intracellualr electrophysiology. Collaboration with Crossley and Kemenes (Sussex).

AUG 2024 NEW FUNDING: Brain mapping using synchrotron X-ray tomography (Sussex Neuroscience Fund)

Through access to Diamond Light Source, the UK national synchrotron facility, we have embarked on a project to map the molluscan brain of Lymnaea stagnalis, a classic simple system model. Collaboration with Roth (UCL), Rau (Diamond). Funded by Diamond Light Source grant and Sussex Neuroscience Seed Fund.

OCT 2023 NEW GRANT: AI-driven analysis of functional connectomics data (BBSRC)

Leveraging our functional connectomics FIBSEM data, we will build ANN-based pipelines to automate data analysis and reveal structural predictors of synaptic function and weight. Collaboration with Racca (Newcastle), Hausser/Roth (UCL) and Funke lab (Janelia).

JUL 2023 NEW GRANT: a new eFIBSEM platform for connectomics (MRC)

In partnership with scientists at UCL and The Crick, we have been awarded a new enhanced electron microscope funded by an MRC Equipment award. The microscope is a Zeiss Gemini SEM 460 with a Focused Ion Beam (FIB) column. This novel type of FIBSEM revolutionizes ultrastructural investigations in neuroscience by allowing the acquisition of super-large tissue volumes at nanoscale isotropic resolution. This equipment, which will be housed in The Crick, will allow the mapping of large volume brain circuits with unprecedented resolution.  

JUN 2023 NEW ROLE: Head of Department of Neuroscience at Sussex

KS is now Head of Department for Neuroscience in the School of Life Sciences at Sussex. The Department comprises nineteen Research and Teaching Faculty, and hold major research funding including from Wellcome Trust, ERC, BBSRC, MRC, Leverhulme Trust and various other charities.

MAR 2023 NEW PAPER: Circuit mechanism for new learning using shifts in perception (SCIENCE ADVANCES)

This research, using the mollusc Lymnaea, elucidates a circuit mechanism which enables past memory to shape new memory formation through changes in perception. The neural control network, which is based on a mutual inhibition motif, both sets perceptual state and acts as the master controller for gating new learning. The mechanism serves to alert animals to learning-rich periods – for example when encountering fruitful environments – thus lowering the threshold for new memory acquisition.

JUL 2022 NEW GRANT: Readout of synaptic function in large brain volumes using eFIBSEM (Leverhulme Trust)

This work, a collaboration with the Hausser (UCL) and Racca (Newcastle) labs, will use the latest generation of FIBSEM ("enhanced-FIBSEM") to characterize the relationship between synaptic ultrastructure and function in visual cortex. This technology allows us to examine questions in extraordinarily large volumes (100x100x100 microns) providing profoundly new insights into the organizational principles of synaptic function.

APR 2022 NEW PAPER: Amyloid-β-42 and disruption of synaptic vesicle pool organization (CEREBRAL CORTEX)

Our findings suggest that organizational and dynamic features of functional vesicle pools can be targets in Aβ-driven synaptic impairment. Treatment with levetiracetam, an antiepileptic that dampens synaptic hyperactivity, partially rescues these transmission defects suggesting that interventions to relieve the overloading of vesicle retrieval pathways might have promising therapeutic value.  LINK

FEB 2022 NEW GRANT: Impact of DNA single-strand breaks on neuronal function and neurological disease (MRC)

Collaboration with Prof. Keith Caldecott funded by a 5-year Programme Grant. The work will involve iPSC-derived human neurons, DNA damage response-defective mouse models, and a range of cutting edge technologies for neural function analysis and genome stability in SSB-induced disease models. We will identify and exploit novel drug-like molecules (e.g. novel PARP inhibitors in collaboration with AstraZeneca) for potential future therapeutics.

JAN 2022 NEW PAPER: Non-telecentric two-photon microscope design (NAT COMMS)

Diffraction-limited two-photon microscopy permits minimally invasive optical monitoring of neuronal activity. However, most conventional two-photon microscopes impose constraints on the size of the imaging field-of-view and shape of the effective excitation volume. Here, employing a non-telecentric optical design, we present a low-cost, easily implemented and flexible solution to address these limitations, offering a several-fold expanded three-dimensional field of view.  LINK

DEC 2021 NEW GRANT: Functional connectomics using Focused Ion Beam Scanning EM, FIBSEM (BBSRC)

The project is a collaboration with Michael Hausser (UCL) and Jan Funke (Janelia), applying methods developed in our lab to map synapses activated by visual input in vivo at nanoscale resolution in large brain volumes. The work will also use superhuman machine-learning analysis tools to offer new insights into how the brain computes information and drives behaviour.

NOV 2021  PHD STUDENTSHIP: Synaptic Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease

Join us! Funded by the South Coast Doctoral Training Program, this project will use cutting-edge techniques, including optical imaging, electrophysiology, electron microscopy and machine-learning analysis approaches, to identify how synapses go wrong in models of Alzheimer’s disease. 

JUL 2021  NEW PREPRINT: Ultrastructural readout of in vivo synaptic activity for functional connectomics (BIORXIV)

Here we combine functional synaptic labelling in vivo with focused ion-beam scanning electron microscopy (FIBSEM) and machine learning-based segmentation. Our approach generates high-resolution near-isotropic three-dimensional readouts of activated vesicle pools across large populations of individual synapses in a volume of tissue, opening the way for detailed functional connectomics studies.  LINK

JUL 2021  NEW GRANT: Maximizing survival when hungry: neural mechanisms for computing behavioural priorities (BBSRC)

New funding aimed at uncovering the cellular mechanisms of decision-making in relation to motivation and threat uing a simple molluscan model system, Lymnaea stagnalis. It builds on our recent major publications in Science Advances (2018) and Nature Comms (2016).

JAN 2021  NEW PAPER: DNA damage and neurological dysfunction (EMBO REPORTS)

Defects in DNA single-strand break repair (SSBR) are linked with neurological dysfunction but mechanisms are poorly understood. We show that hyperactivity of the DNA strand break sensor protein Parp1 in mice with the central SSBR protein Xrcc1 conditionally deleted (Xrcc1Nes-Cre) results in lethal seizures and shortened lifespan. Defects are prevented by Parp1 inhibition and/or deletion and extend lifespan. Our findings highlight PARP inhibition as a possible therapeutic approach in XRCC1-mutated neurological disease.  LINK

JAN 2020  NEW PAPER: Nanoscale remodeling of vesicle pools in plasticity (CELL REPORTS)

We investigated whether modulation of vesicle pools accompanies Hebbian long-term potentiation (LTP) and contributes to synaptic strengthening. We used a nanoscale readout of functionally recycled vesicles in natively wired hippocampal circuits. We found that recycled vesicle pools expand after plasticity induction and changes in the spatial organization of vesicles accompany potentiation suggesting there is a presynaptic locus of LTP encoded in functionally recycled vesicle pool organization.  LINK